When Jesus in Cana Galilee
turned water into wine, He repeated in a wink a great wonder of transformation that takes place every year all over the world since the days of Creation. An amazing mechanism
in the grape vine absorbs water with its
roots and sunlight with its leaves and then turns them into grape juice. Until
recently (when pasteurization, preservation and
refrigerators were invented) wine-making was the only way of storing drinks. As a rule
it was a simple wine that was obtained by means of natural fermentation and
had a strength around 12% vol. Given the method
of preserving drink, it is no wonder that Noah after the Flood began to be an husbandman and planted a vineyard. But that fact has led to some unfortunate results for the whole
human history:
"And he drank of the
wine, and was drunken; and he was uncovered within his tent.
And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of
his father, and told his two brethren without... And
Noah awoke from his wine, and knew what his younger son had done unto
him. And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall
he be unto his brethren."
(Genesis 9:21-25)
From the description given
above we can get an impression that the effect of taking wine was very unexpected both
to Noah (we know "Noah was a just man and perfect", and that in every kind of
society this means moderation and temperance) and to his
family — only this assumption can explain such an inappropriate reaction of his
younger son, for he already had children of his own.
More than that, this trouble with Noah was the first registered
evidence of alcoholic intoxication. Let's try to find some reasonable
explanation of this fact. First we shall consider a mechanism of alcoholic (ethanolic) influence on a living organism. All effects that
occur in the human organism as a result of ethanolic influence to great extent depend
on the degree of acetaldehyde accumulation that occurs when ethanol is oxidized [1]. We can show metabolism of
ethanol in such scheme:
ethanol --> acetaldehyd --> acet acid -->
--> acetilcoenzyme A --> Crebb's cycle --> CO2 + H2O + energy | V lipoid acids and cholesterol synthesis; different biosynthesis reactions
Acetaldehyde is a very toxic
substance and thus the grade of alcoholic intoxication as a rule is
measured by the ethanolic concentration in blood, namely the acetaldehyde quantity in blood
and the rate of its utilization can
show us a clinical picture of alcoholic intoxication. An organism strives
to get rid of free acetaldehyde as soon as possible through the oxidizing
reaction with the resulting production of acet acid. This reaction requires
ferment aldehyddehydrogenase as a part, which uses NAD+ (nicotinamid
adenin dinucleotide):
O
O //
// CH3-C + NAD+
+ H2O --> CH3-C + NADH + H+ (1) \
\
H OH (acetaldehyde)
(acet acid)
NAD+ receives
electrons from oxidized substrata
(in particular, from acetaldehyde) and by means of a number
of carriers transfers them to oxygen accompanied with generation of energy
stored as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) [2]. The process called
biooxidation takes place in the cells’ muthohondrias. Carriers
of electrons are: NAD, FAD (flavic ferment), coferment Q (ubiquinone),
citochromes b, c1, c and a. Oxygen is a final
acceptor of electrons. When oxygen is insufficient (for instance, when its partial pressure in taking in
air is reduced), the whole fermental system of biooxidation does
not work at full strength. And a result is the moving
of the reaction's (1) equilibrium leftwards with further accumulation of acetaldehyde in
the organism and the developing of the effects
peculiar for alcoholic intoxication, which are even stronger than with the normal quantity
of oxygen. Lots of tourists
visited the highlands of the Southern Caucasus and have personally experienced
the burden of native "hospitality.” Natives often involve them in a kind of a game that
has became nearly an element of their
culture. When you reject the invitation to accompany them in matching their drinking of wine,
they call it disrespect for ancient folk traditions. The final
aim of the fun is to drink the guest under the table, to get him to pass
out in order to demonstrate the superiority of highlanders in comparison with lowland weaklings. The hosts, whose organisms are adapted to
highland conditions, subconsciously use the effects of hypooxygen influence
on alcoholic metabolism that appear when
the atmospheric pressure decreases due to an increase in
elevation of around two thousand meters. How did natural
conditions change during the Flood? The majority of experts share the point of view that antediluvian
Earth’s atmosphere (which is called "firmament" in Genesis
1:7) was covered with a vapor canopy equal to 12 meters'
layer of liquid water. Consequently, the collapse of that vapor canopy
caused the rain to fall upon the earth for forty days and forty nights during the
Flood [3]. Due to the waters which were above the firmament that caused
the greenhouse effect, atmospheric pressure was 1.14 atmospheres
higher than it is today — more than twice as high! So before
the Flood the alcoholic effect of dry wine may not have been any stronger than
the effect of common milk fermentation products of today. The collapse of the
vapor canopy surrounding antediluvian Earth’s atmosphere caused the reduction of atmospheric
pressure (and the partial pressure of oxygen dropped as well) more than twice.
That certainly had an effect on alcoholic
metabolism. So, alcoholic intoxication would have been at least a great surprise to Noah, if
not the first such experience for all mankind. This is
another indirect evidence of the Genesis record’s credibility.
1. Rubin E., Cederbaum A.I.
Effects of chronic ethanol feeding and acetaldehyde on mitochondrial functions
and the transfer of reducing equivalents. - In: Alcohol and aldehyde metabolizing systems. New York, 1974. P.435-455. 2. Checkman I.S. Biochemical
farmacodynamics. Kiev: Zdorovie, 1991. 200 p. 3. Dillow J. The Waters
Above. Chicago: Moody Press, 1981. 470 p.
Published by: Christian Scientific Center "Parthenit", 1995 Pamphlet #5. WHY WAS NOAH DRUNKEN (English). Rev.Timofei Alferov, Sergei Golovin, Dmitri Pobersky Translated from Russian by Helen Booklersky Gogolia 33-8, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine |